RIYADH — The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is home to a rich cultural heritage, with each region showcasing distinct folkloric traditions that harmonize with the natural environment. Among these is the Saudi Ardah, a celebrated folkloric group dance renowned not only for its beautiful performances but also for the accompanying songs that carry historical and cultural significance. Ardah symbolizes the enduring bond between the leadership and the people, performed by men expressing loyalty and love for their homeland. Traditionally, the Ardah was performed in preparation for war, with the prince of the army inspecting his soldiers to assess their readiness for battle. This majestic, balanced performance was designed to boost fighters' morale and elicit determination and courage, especially among horsemen. Later, it became a celebratory act for welcoming victorious soldiers returning from battle. The Ardah holds a significant place in the history of the Kingdom's unification, which was led by King Abdulaziz bin Abdulrahman Al-Saud. He recognized its cultural importance before launching efforts to unify the nation. The Saudi Ardah is characterized by its majesty and dignity, with orderly rows, raised flags, and swords forming a visually striking scene, all unified by traditional attire. Key elements of the Ardah include the flag, the mehrab (lead chanter), the rows of performers, the poetic verses recited, the drums, weaponry, and the distinctive costumes. As the Kingdom transitioned to a period of safety and security, the Ardah evolved into a joyous expression and a proud cultural symbol, often performed during official occasions and to welcome important state guests. The Ardah performance involves two groups: war poem chanters and drummers, with a flag bearer positioned between them. The chanters begin with stirring verses, while the drummers provide rhythmic accompaniment as participants raise their swords. The performance kicks off with "Hawraba" or "Shobash," announced by a powerful poet who assembles the performers into two opposing rows, typically comprising 40 to 50 participants. The rows must be balanced, with performers holding hands or forming a circle as they recite verses together. The physical aspect begins with "al-Nazr," where performers lean right and left while stationary. As the second half of the poem is recited, the drums roll, and the rows sway in a knee-bending motion, synchronizing the raising or lowering of swords. Two types of drums are used: the large "Takhmir" and the small "Tathlith," covered with camel skin and adorned with colorful threads. The drummers perform coordinated movements, enhancing the visual spectacle. The tradition also includes a horse parade known as "al-Haddwa," where a horseman introduces himself with chants while riding, exuding pride and enthusiasm before joining the performers. The attire worn for the Saudi Ardah is vibrant and embroidered, featuring garments such as Daqla, Sudairy, Zboon, and Shalhat, often accessorized with swords or guns. The Ardah has garnered attention from Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Salman bin Abdulaziz, reflecting his commitment to the Kingdom's history and cultural heritage. This dedication was underscored by Ardah's inclusion in December 2015 in the UNESCO List of Intangible Cultural Heritage and the establishment of the National Center for Saudi Ardah in 2017 at the King Abdulaziz Foundation for Research and Archives. This center aims to promote culture, national identity, and support the arts that are popular in the Kingdom.
