The US Federal Reserve on Tuesday launched a new program to fund purchases of up to $600 billion worth of money market mutual fund assets in the latest step to provide liquidity to strained financial markets. The initiative “should improve the liquidity position of money market investors, thus increasing their ability to meet any further redemption requests and their willingness to invest in money market instruments,” the Fed said in a statement. The US central bank's move is the third step it has taken to ease strains among money market mutual funds, which have been under pressure since mid-September when a leading fund, the Reserve Primary Fund, could not maintain the $1 per share net asset value threshold that is critical to the viability of such funds. A severe credit freeze has followed the collapse of the US housing market and led to one of the worst financial crises in decades. Money market funds are viewed as a low-risk investment, paying slightly higher interest rates than bank savings accounts. Many money market mutual funds buy commercial paper, short-term debt companies use to fund day-to-day operations. Breaking the buck at the Reserve Primary Fund, which meant that investors were facing losses on their principal, led to a torrent of redemptions from other money market mutual funds. Funds became anxious about their liquidity and have been reluctant to provide term funding. The Fed facility is aimed at unfreezing these markets, Fed officials told reporters. The Fed could lend as much as $540 billion to five “special purpose vehicles” set up to buy certificates of deposit and commercial paper from highly rated institutions, the officials said. The Fed will provide senior secured funding of up to 90 percent to buy the assets from US money market mutual funds and others. “This is going to help commercial paper,” said Laurence Fink, chairman, and chief executive of investment management firm Blackrock Inc, on the company's earnings conference call. “This is the first thawing that I really see in terms of helping the commercial paper market unravel itself.” Major interbank rates and measures of credit stress receded on Tuesday, raising hopes money markets are on the mend. Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke told the US Congress on Monday there had been encouraging signs that government steps taken so far were helpful in unfreezing credit markets, but that it was too soon to assess the full effects. JPMorgan Chase is the sponsor and manager of the special purpose vehicles announced by the Fed, an official said. Each conduit will buy assets from 10 designated financial institutions. Eligible assets include dollar-denominated CDs and commercial paper issued by highly rated financial institutions and having remaining maturities of 90 days or less, the Fed said. Eligible investors include US money market mutual funds but may over time include other US money market investors. Despite earlier efforts by the Fed to ease short-term funding strains, money market funds have still been anxious about liquidity pressures. The Fed expanded liquidity offerings in response to requests from the industry, officials said. There have been $500 billion in outflows from prime money market mutual funds since the end of August, a Fed official said. While funds have stabilized in terms of outflows, they do not have large liquidity buffers remaining, the official said. The facility is aimed at taxable money market mutual funds, not tax-exempt funds, officials said. The Fed intends to announce the start date of the facility by the end of the week. The program may be expanded to include purchases from other money-market investors. The special-purpose vehicles will finance 10 percent of their purchases by selling asset-backed commercial paper. That paper won't be eligible for the Fed program that extends credit to banks to buy such assets, a central-bank official said. The New York Fed will lend the remaining 90 percent to the facilities on an overnight basis at the discount rate, which stands at 1.75 percent. Each special-purpose vehicle will only purchase debt with the top short-term ratings of A-1, F1 and P-1 given by Standard & Poor's, Fitch Ratings and Moody's Investors Service respectively. The Fed said the facility will be in place until April 30 unless extended by the Board of Governors. Fed officials said they will announce a start date by the end of the week. In addition to the three programs to aid money funds, the Fed next week will start an unlimited program to purchase commercial paper directly from issuers, after companies had to pay more to borrow or were cut off from that market. Turmoil worsened among money-market funds after the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers on Sept. 15, and the breakdown of the oldest money-market fund the following day. The $62.5 billion Reserve Primary Fund announced Sept. 16 that losses on debt issued by Lehman had reduced its net assets to 97 cents a share, making it the first money fund in 14 years to break the buck, the term for falling below the $1 a share that investors pay. Institutional investors have since pulled $341 billion from funds that can invest in corporate debt, or 28 percent of assets in those funds. The Treasury responded to the initial run three days after the Reserve fund faltered by introducing the guarantee program. While that calmed investors, fund managers didn't resume buying commercial paper because it can't be sold quickly without realizing a loss. “There have been very few or no bids at all'' in the secondary market, Debbie Cunningham, head of taxable money funds for Pittsburgh-based Federated Investors Inc. Federated had $231.1 billion in money-market funds at the end of August. “This is another important piece in the puzzle,'' Cunningham said. “It will be very helpful in bringing more normal market tendencies back for investors.''
