A declaration by Sudan's warring parties committing to protect civilians is an "important first step", after more than three weeks of heavy fighting, the UN's top official in the African nation said on Friday. Volker Perthes — Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Sudan and Head of the UN Integrated Transition Assistance Mission in the country (UNITAMS) — underscored that the rival military leaderships had agreed to respect international humanitarian and human rights law, and withdraw fighters from hospitals and medical facilities. Perthes also noted that the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) had committed to continue their talks in the Saudi city of Jeddah on a potential ceasefire. In a statement released by his Spokesperson, UN chief António Guterres welcomed the Declaration of Commitment to protect civilians and guarantee the safe passage of humanitarian aid: "While humanitarian workers, most notably local partners, have continued to deliver in very difficult circumstances, the Secretary-General hopes this Declaration will ensure that the relief operation can scale up swiftly and safely to meet the needs of millions of people in Sudan", it said. "He reiterated his call for an immediate ceasefire and expanded discussions to achieve a permanent cessation of hostilities." Speaking to reporters in Geneva, via Zoom from Port Sudan where the UN and partners have established a coastal humanitarian hub, Perthes said that building on this first mutually signed declaration, the aim was to reach a ceasefire which would also be "mutually agreed", contrary to previous, unilaterally announced ceasefires. His hope was that "within the next couple of days", the discussions in Jeddah under the auspices of Saudi Arabia and United States mediators would lead to such an agreement, lending it "more stability and more respect", and with clear provisions on the modalities related to the movement of troops and humanitarian pauses. Perthes also expressed hope that the parties will "do what they can" to communicate down the chain of command that the humanitarian commitments agreed to in Jeddah must be honored. The agreement was welcomed by the "trilateral mechanism" composed of the United Nations, the African Union and the regional body known as the Intergovernmental Authority on Development in Eastern Africa (IGAD). Meanwhile, the number of people having fled Sudan has passed the 200,000 mark, the UN refugee agency (UNHCR) said on Friday. A race against time is underway to provide those fleeing with relief aid before the coming rainy season makes logistics even harder. Funding shortfalls are compounding humanitarian challenges, as UNHCR's operations in neighboring countries were only around 15 per cent funded before the conflict. In another example of the conflict's disastrous effects for Sudan's most vulnerable, the UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) said on Friday that a fire had devastated a factory in Khartoum producing ready to use therapeutic food for the treatment of children suffering from severe acute malnutrition. According to UNICEF, the equivalent of food for some 14,500 children was destroyed in the fire, along with machinery, compromising future production. The agency says that Sudan has one of the highest rates of malnutrition among children in the world, with more than three million children acutely malnourished. UNICEF spokesperson James Elder said that in overall response to the crisis, around 34,000 cartons of ready to use therapeutic food was on the way from France to Sudan. He said the cause of the factory fire was as yet unknown. In an interview conducted in Arabic by the UN in Geneva with UNITAMS chief Volker Perthes on Friday, he said there had been warning signs before the outbreak of hostilities on April 15, of a potential conflict between the rival militaries. "We warned both sides of this possibility and this scenario", he said, and that if they began to fight, "the country and society will be destroyed." He said both sides had perhaps thought the fighting would be brief, but now there was a realization that victory "is not easy" and would ultimately be a loss for "a large part of the country." Asked about how more humanitarian aid can be distributed to the millions in need across Sudan, Perthes said the Jeddah agreement was promising, but access to the capital Khartoum was crucial, and impossible without safe humanitarian corridors. "We therefore hope that yesterday's agreement will indeed help to be applied on the ground through humanitarian agencies, the United Nations, and their non-governmental organization partners." On the pace of delivery, he said the widespread looting across Sudan at the start of hostilities, had been a major handicap to the operation. "Warehouses and cars were looted and trucks that were transporting aid from the east of the country or from the center to Darfur were also looted...when your office and car are looted it is very difficult to help. "Today, there are new arrangements, even in the preparations for the supply of Darfur through Chad, which also requires coordination with neighboring countries, with the state, with the armed movements in Darfur and other actors." — UN News
