Voting got under way in mainland France on Sunday in the first round of parliamentary elections, with record numbers of voters seen abstaining. Starting at 08:00 (06:00 GMT), the approximately 48.7 million registered voters were able to cast their ballots for the 577 seats in the National Assembly. The shape of the new parliament will only become clear only after the second round on June 19. French President Emmanuel Macron's party is seeking an absolute majority that would enable him to implement his campaign promises, especially with regard to purchasing power and pension systems. Macron faces stiff competition from an alliance of left-wing parties — the Socialists, Greens, Communists and France Unbowed party. Nearly 49 million citizens are eligible to vote in the elections for the 577-seat lower house, the National Assembly. Some 289 seats are needed for an absolute majority. As many as 6,293 candidates are competing to win seats in the first round, while the second round follows a week later on June 19. Polls show Macron's centrist Ensemble coalition is only slightly ahead of its main left-wing rival, the NUPES bloc led by hard-left veteran Jean-Luc Melenchon. The president's coalition is expected to win between 275 and 315 seats in France's parliament, according to the Ipsos/Cevipof poll, whereas 289 seats are needed for an absolute majority. Macron will be hoping he does not become the first president since 2002 to have to deal with "cohabitation" — a situation in which the prime minister is not on the same political side and the president does not have a majority in the assembly. How does it work? The election will see 577 députés or MPs elected to the Assemblée Nationale for a five-year term. In the first round of voting a candidate needs to get more than 50% of the vote to be elected. If no one reaches this threshold, it goes to a second round of voting. That will see anyone that won more than 12.5% of the vote share in the first round face off against each other. Whoever wins the most votes is elected. There are set to be 6,293 candidates at the starting line on June 12 — which works out as nearly 11 candidates per constituency on average. Of these, 55.8% are men (or 3,514 candidates), and 44.2% are women (2,779 candidates). What does the line-up look like? Macron's party and his allies run under the banner of the centrist Ensemble alliance. It is made up of three main parties — Macron's La République En Marche!, Mouvement Démocrate and Horizons — along with four smaller ones. Macron enjoyed a majority during his first term as president, but this time he and the coalition Ensemble will have to fight to maintain this. Melenchon's La France Insoumise is in a coalition with socialists, greens and communists in an unexpected show of unity on the left. His NUPES alliance is second in polls and did well in early voting among overseas voters. But NUPES is a fragile coalition with differences on some key issues, such as the use of nuclear power and the relationship with NATO and the EU. Les Republicains are eyeing being the third biggest parliamentary group. Though the conservatives are forecast to be well behind Macron's camp and the left, they could become kingmakers if Ensemble has the largest group but not an absolute majority. Marine Le Pen's far-right Rassemblement National is polling third in terms of first-round votes, but fourth in terms of projected seats. Once voted in, the deputies hold power along with the upper house (Senate) to make laws and control the government. If there is a disagreement on the text of law with the upper house, currently dominated by the right, it is the MPs who have the last word. They can also table bills and amendments, or examine government bills. Parliamentarians control the action of the government through oral or written questions, commissions of inquiry or missions of information. The main weapon of the deputies is the motion of censure against the government, which is subject to very specific rules. To bring down the government, it must be passed by an absolute majority, or at least 289 votes. — Agencies
