The two candidates for the French presidency have gone head-to-head in their only televised debate, ahead of Sunday's second-round run-off vote. Far-right leader Marine Le Pen has fallen behind centrist Emmanuel Macron in the opinion polls but millions of voters are still undecided. It did not take long for the two-hour-45-minute clash to burst into life. The candidates confronted each other on the cost of living, Russia, climate change and immigration. Spiraling prices, of energy and at the shops, have dominated the campaign and immediately took center stage in the debate, broadcast on the two biggest TV networks as well as the big news channels. Emmanuel Macron was widely seen as the winner of the 2017 debate, when his rival appeared flustered and underprepared. But this time, Marine Le Pen was ready from the start and far more composed. Throughout the debate, it was Macron who went on the offensive, appearing more like a challenger than an incumbent, repeatedly interrupting his rival. Le Pen said 70% of the French people believed their standard of living had fallen over the past five years and she would be the president of civil peace and national brotherhood. "We need to give priority to the French in their own country," she said. Macron said France had known unprecedented crisis, with Covid followed by war in Europe. He had steered France through those challenges and aimed to make France a stronger country: the vote was a "referendum on Europe, on secularism, and a moment of clear choice", he said. Despite a strong performance from Le Pen, a poll of voters from French broadcaster BFMTV and newspaper L'Express suggested Macron had come out the winner. The vote, carried out by well-known pollsters Elabe, suggests that 59% of viewers were more convinced by Macron. The sitting president came out on top as the most presidential, 53% to 29% - but 50% of viewers also said he had come across as arrogant. Le Pen was deemed to be more in tune with normal people (37% to Macron's 34%), but 50% of voters also found her "worrying". After a relatively civil start, it quickly turned combative when the two candidates addressed the biggest issue for voters. Cost of living: From the start Marine Le Pen said this was her priority: "I will permanently cut VAT on energy. I will also cut taxes, no income tax for under-30s." She accused Macron on letting pension levels fall in real terms too. Macron said his solution was to impose a cap on prices which was "twice as effective as dropping sales tax". They became animated as they disagreed on how to bring down energy prices. Macron repeatedly challenged his opponent's proposals as unworkable. She snapped back: "I want to give the French their money back." Russia's war in Ukraine: Emmanuel Macron said Russia was "going down a fatal path" and the role of France and Europe was to provide Ukraine with military equipment and take in refugees. Le Pen, criticized for her close ties to the Kremlin and for taking a Russian bank loan for her party, warned that giving Ukraine weapons could make France a "co-belligerent". However, she supported her opponent's policy of backing Ukraine and taking in refugees. At this point Macron went on the offensive, pointing out she was one of the first political leaders in 2014 to recognize Russia's annexation of Crimea. "You're speaking to your banker when you speak to Russia," he said. Le Pen said she had taken Russian money as no French bank would lend to her party. When she argued that she had had to borrow money like millions of French people, he countered that the French did not look to Russia for finance. European Union: Marine Le Pen has changed her policy from leaving the EU to seeking change from within it. But Macron argued that her idea of a "Europe of nations" would spell the end of the EU and that "you are selling a lie". In the current EU she said France was failing to defend its interests and she would stop negotiating trade deals that "hurt French producers and farmers". Retirement age: This is another of the big election issues: Emmanuel Macron has said France needs to raise the pension age from 62 to 65 over nine years, while Le Pen wants to keep it at 62. Le Pen said his proposal was "absolutely intolerable". He hit back saying she was promising to be more generous with pensioners but did not explain how she would pay for it. Climate change: Renewable energy is another issue where the two candidates are diametrically opposed and it became one of the most animated points of the debate. The only thing they agree on is building more nuclear power stations. "You are a climate sceptic, that's pretty obvious," Macron said to his rival. The only Green presidential candidate has urged his voters to back the incumbent president. Marine Le Pen retorted that he was a "climate hypocrite". Marine Le Pen argued importing goods from thousands of miles away was responsible for climate change and producing locally would help tackle global warming. There was nothing worse than wind turbines, she complained. He countered that her policy of relying on nuclear power to replace fossil fuels was "untenable" and renewables had to be part of the mix. "Wind turbines create jobs," he added. Immigration and Islam: Marine Le Pen went on the offensive, promising a referendum on who should stay and who should leave France and condemning what she called "anarchic and massive immigration" that contributed to a sense of insecurity. She then spoke about another of her key policies, banning the wearing of the headscarf in public, arguing that women had to be liberated from "Islamist pressure". Macron objected it was wrong to mix Islam with Islamism. Her policy, he said, would lead to "civil war" and was a betrayal of French values: "You would have police running down the street after girls in headscarves and [Jewish] boys wearing the kippah." It was intolerant and she was pushing millions of compatriots out of the public space on account of their religion, he said. Constitutional change: Another of Marine Le Pen's big policies is for citizens' referendums, which she said were rooted in the yellow-vest or gilets jaunes protests that began early in the Macron presidency. "The main problem after your five-year term is that you have divided the country. We need to rebuild France and bring people together." One of the big attractions of such referendums for Le Pen is that they would bypass parliament, where she has only a handful of MPs. Macron said they would be unconstitutional. — BBC
