The Holy Qur'an was revealed more than 1400 years ago to the last Prophet of Allah, Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) as a guidance for all humanity. The Qur'an has a total of about 6600 plus verses dealing with many aspects of a person's life, about 1000 of those verses are of scientific nature. The Big Bang! Currently, the Big Bang model of the origin of the universe is the cosmological paradigm most widely accepted by astronomers. It holds that about 15 billion years ago the universe began with the explosive expansion of a single, extremely dense matter, the primordial mass. Only after the development of radio telescopes in 1937 that, the necessary observational precision was achieved in order for astronomers to arrive at the above conclusion. What does the Qur'an say about our universe's origin? “Do not the unbelievers see that the Heavens and the earth were joined together, then We split them apart.” (21:30) Expanding universe In 1925, Edwin Hubble (after whom the Hubble Space telescope is named) provided the observational evidence for the expansion of the universe. Stephen Hawking (author of ‘A Brief History of Time') states: “The universe is not static, as had previously been thought, it is expanding”. So what did Allah reveal in the Qur'an, 1400 years ago? “And the firmament, We constructed with power and skill and verily We are expanding it” (51:47) The existence of sun's orbit Ancient people use to believe that the Sun revolves around the earth. Later, Nicholas Copernicus in 1512, laid his Heliocentric Theory of Planetary motion, which placed the sun motionless in the center of the solar system with all the planets revolving around it. Modern science tells us now that the sun too is not still, but is in motion. The sun traveling at roughly 150 miles per second takes about 200 million years to complete one revolution around the center of our Milky Way Galaxy and 25 days to make one complete rotation around its own axis. See how beautifully and accurately Allah revealed this phenomenon in the Qur'an: “It is He who created the night and the day, and the sun and the moon, all (the celestial bodies) swim along, each in its orbit with its own motion.” (21:33) Conquest of Space by Human Human exploration and the conquest of space began with the launching of the Russian Satellite, Sputnik I on Oct. 4, 1957. Then followed the launching of humans into space, which eventually led to a manned space flight to the Moon on July 20th, 1967. Thus the dream of humanity since the dawn of civilization to go beyond the earth to the heavens was realized. The Qur'an, 1400 years ago, clearly predicted human's advancement and the possibility of space flight. “O assembly of Jinns and humans, if you can penetrate the regions of the heavens and the earth, then penetrate them! You will not penetrate them save with a power (of Allah).” (55:33) The Protective Atmosphere Earth is constantly bombarded by meteoroids that disintegrate upon the atmosphere and by lethal rays emitted by the sun. This UV radiation is absorbed by the Ozone layer forming the outer fringe of our atmosphere. Thus our atmosphere along with its Ozone layer is a protective covering for us. Life possibly could not have existed without it. How meticulously, does our Lord sustain and protect us against this atmospheric destruction. “And We have made the atmosphere a protective roof, yet do they turn away from the Signs which these things point to.” (21:32) Embryology The Dutch naturalist Anthony van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) produced lenses powerful enough to prove that many tiny creatures are not spontaneously generated but are produced from eggs. The science of embryology as we know it today did not discover many of the detailed aspects of human embryonic development until the 1970s, using powerful microscopes, ultra sound and fiber optics technology. See how the Qur'an described the stages of embryonic development: “God fashioned man from a small quantity (of sperm)” (16:4) Fertilization takes place with only one sperm among several tens of million produced by man. “Then We placed him as a drop in a place of rest” (23:13) Implantation of the blastocyst in the uterus. “Then We made the drop into a leech like structure...” (23:14) This resemblance of the human embryo to a leech is an appropriate description of the human embryo from days 7-24, when it clings to the endometrium of the uterus. “And He (Allah) gave you hearing and sight and feeling and understanding.” (32:9) The internal ears appear before the eyes, and the brain (the sight of understanding) differentiates last. Gender determination The concept of “Gender Determination” as being described by geneticists, is one of the outstanding informations revealed to us in the Qur'an. This information is now a known fact, that sperms are the deciding factors in determining the type of gender (male or female) in the new embryo. This determination through the male sperm is due to the fact that sperms have an X and Y chromosomes, while the female ovum has only X Chromosomes (X, X). Through the Qur'an, Allah informs us that it is the male sperms that determine the type of gender for the new offspring: “Does man think that he will be left uncontrolled (without purpose)? Was he not a drop of sperm emitted (in humble form)? Then did (Allah) make and fashion (him) in due proportion. And of him He made two sexes, male and female...” (75:36
